Exploring Depression and Anxiety on Spouses of Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder

Abstract

Patients with alcohol use disorder significantly affect their spouses’ mental health, leading to elevated levels of depression and anxiety. A cross-sectional survey study conducted at Chitwan Medical College in Nepal from April to October 2024 included one hundred and nine (n = 109) spouses of patients with alcohol use disorder. The study applied the Hamilton depression and anxiety rating scales to assess mental health and the severity of alcohol dependence to evaluate alcohol issues.

Results indicated that 93.6% of the participants were female, mostly aged between 34 and 44 years, with 84.4% being literate and predominantly employed. Findings further revealed a high prevalence of depression (78%) and anxiety (82.6%), with moderate levels being the most common. Significant correlations were found between mental health outcomes and factors such as gender, family structure, type of violence, and the duration of alcohol use. Specifically, female spouses, those experiencing violence, and those in joint family settings showed a higher prevalence of these mental health issues. This study emphasises the need for tailored mental health interventions for female spouses at risk, particularly in joint family contexts, as they face increased rates of depression and anxiety. The psychosocial impact highlighted through domestic violence and constant exposure to alcohol-related behaviours indicates an urgent need for regular mental health screenings and family-focused psychiatric care in managing alcohol use disorder in Nepal.